6 Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine & Health, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, Lazarettstrasse 36, 80636 Munich, Germany. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer an unprece-dented opportunity to study human physiology and disease at the cellular level. induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS cell), immature cell that is generated from an adult (mature) cell and that has regained the capacity to differentiate.6 Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine & Health, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, Lazarettstrasse 36, 80636 Munich, Germany.5 DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.4 Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine & Health, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, Lazarettstrasse 36, 80636 Munich, Germany DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.3 Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany.Electronic address: 2 Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine & Health, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, Lazarettstrasse 36, 80636 Munich, Germany. 1 Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine & Health, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, Lazarettstrasse 36, 80636 Munich, Germany.Stem Cells 2017 35:545-550.Įxperimental models Genomics Induced pluripotent stem cells. In this review, we will discuss how iPSC research will further contribute to human health in the coming era of precision medicine. Shinya Yamanaka discovered them in 2007 at Kyoto University. Induced pluripotent cells were first described in 2006 by Japanese physician and researcher Shinya Yamanaka and colleagues. Induced pluripotent stem cells are a kind of stem cell. iPSCs retain the genome of the donor, may regenerate indefinitely, and undergo differentiati. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) differ from embryonic stem cells (ES cells), which form the inner cell mass of an embryo but also are pluripotent, eventually giving rise to all the cell types that make up the body. More recently, iPSCs have been shown to validate effects of disease and treatment-related single nucleotide polymorphisms identified through genome wide association analysis. The generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells using gene transfer opens new areas for precision medicine with personalized cell therapy and encourages the discovery of essential platforms for targeted drug development. It has been shown possible to partially recapitulate disease phenotypes, even with late onset and polygenic diseases. The development of the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology has revolutionized the world on the establishment of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) across a great variety of animal species. Pioneering studies have shown that iPSCs derived from a variety of monogenic diseases can faithfully recapitulate disease phenotypes in vitro when differentiated into disease-relevant cell types. Breakthroughs in genome editing technologies and continuous improvement in iPSC differentiation techniques are particularly making this research direction more realistic and practical. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies are emerging as a promising strategy to fill the knowledge gaps between genetic association studies and underlying molecular mechanisms. It is still challenging, however, to understand how such genetic variations cause the phenotypic alterations in pathobiologies and treatment response. Such information is now expected to help evaluate individual health risks, design personalized health plans and treat patients with precision. The classic mixture is Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc that can reprogram mouse, human, rat, monkey, and dog somatic cells. Recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies are revealing how human genetic variations associate with differential health risks, disease susceptibilities, and drug responses. The induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are established by the forced expression of several transgenes.
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